約克夏狗公狗節育的壞處

節育對于公狗的壞處：

On the negative side, neutering male dogs

1）如果過早節育（早于一歲前），極大地增加了患骨癌的幾率；骨癌對于中/大型犬來說是非常常見的。

? if done before 1 year of age, significantly increases the risk of osteosarcoma (bone cancer); this is a

common cancer in medium/large and larger breeds with a poor prognosis.

2）增加了心血管瘤的發病率（增加的幾率為參數1.6，我的理解是1.6倍于不節育的公狗，不知道對不對)（只能是大概意思，又碰到了不完全懂的專業術語）

3）相比較于未節育的公狗，甲狀腺機能減退的幾率增大為其三倍

? triples the risk of hypothyroidism

4）漸進的老年認知障礙（是指老年性癡呆么，每個詞都懂，連起來反而不懂了。）幾率增加

? increases the risk of progressive geriatric cognitive impairment

5）肥胖的幾率比未節育的狗狗增大三倍

? triples the risk of obesity, a common health problem in dogs with many associated health problems

6）前列腺癌的發病率增大為四倍（不過依舊很小，小于0.6%）

? quadruples the small risk (